Disease Eradication in the 21st Century

Implications for Global Health

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On sale Sep 19, 2023 | 336 Pages | 978-0-262-54919-6
Experts explore the biological, social, and economic complexities of eradicating disease.

Disease eradication represents the ultimate in global equity and the definitive outcome of good public health practice. Thirty years ago, the elimination of smallpox defined disease eradication as a monumental global achievement with lasting benefits for society. Today, the global commitment to eradicate polio and guinea worm and heightened interest in the potential eradication of other infectious diseases, including measles/rubella, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, and malaria, dominate public health concerns. But what does it take to eradicate a disease? This book takes a fresh look at the evolving concepts of disease eradication, influenced by scientific advances, field experience, societal issues, and economic realities. A diverse group of experts from around the world, representing a range of disciplines, examines the biological, social, political, and economic complexities of eradicating a disease.

The book details lessons learned from the initiatives against polio, measles/rubella, and onchocerciasis. Further chapters examine ethical issues, the investment case, governance models, organizational and institutional arrangements, political and social factors, feasibility of eradication goals, priority setting, and the integration of disease eradication programs with existing health systems.

Contributors
Stephen L. Cochi, Walter R. Dowdle, Claudia I. Emerson, Kimberly M. Thompson, Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Regina Rabinovich, Lesong Conteh, B. Fenton Hall, Peter A. Singer, Maya Vijayaraghavan, Damian G. Walker, Kari Stoever, Julie Jacobson, Andy Wright, Chris Maher, Bruce Aylward, Ali Jaffer Mohamed, T. Jacob John, Robert S. Scott, Robert Hall, Jeffrey Bates, Sherine Guirguis, Thomas Moran, Peter Strebel, Eric A. Ottesen, Ciro de Quadros, Linda Muller, Jai Prakash Narain, Ole Wichmann, Alan R. Hinman, Stewart Tyson, Robin Biellik, Piya Hanvoravongchai, Sandra Mounier-Jack, Valeria Oliveira Cruz, Dina Balabanova, Yayehyirad Kitaw, Tracey Koehlmoos, Sebastião Loureiro, Mitike Molla, Ha Trong Nguyen, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Umeda Sadykova, Harbandhu Sarma, Maria Gloria Teixeira M, Jasim Uddin, Alya Dabbagh, Ulla Kou Griffiths, Muhammad Ali Pate, John O. Gyapong, Adrian Hopkins, Dairiku Hozumi, Mwelecele Malecela
The Ernst Strüngmann Forum vii
List of Contributors ix
1 The Eradication of Infectious Diseases: Understanding the Lessons and Advancing Experience Stephen L. Cochi and Walter R. Dowdle 1
Lessons Learned from Current Elimination and Eradication Initiatives
2 Lessons from the Late Stages of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative R. Bruce Aylward 13
3 Measles and Rubella Eradication in the Americas: Seasoned Strategies for Sustained Success Jon Kim Andrus, Ciro A. de Quadros, Carlos Castillo-Solórzano, Mirta Roses Periago, and Donald A. Henderson 25
4 Onchocerciasis: From Control to Possible Eradication Adrian Hopkins 35
Critical Issues in Determining Feasibility of Eradication
5 Political and Social Determinants of Disease Eradication Robert G. Hall 47
6 The Role of Research Julie Jacobson 63
7 Group Report: Assessing the Feasibility of an Eradication Initiative Peter Strebel, Eric A. Ottesen, Ciro A. de Quadros, Sherine Guirguis, Robert G. Hall, Linda Muller, Jai Prakash Narain, and Ole Wichmann 89
Issues in the Development of an Eradication Investment Case
8 The Moral Case for Eradication Claudia I. Emerson 103
9 Economic Evaluation of the Benefits and Costs of Disease Elimination and Eradication Initiatives Kimberly M. Thompson and Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens 115
10 Group Report: Developing an Eradication Investment Case Kimberly M. Thompson, Regina Rabinovich, Lesong Conteh, Claudia I. Emerson, B. Fenton Hall, Peter A. Singer, Maya Vijayaraghavan, and Damian G. Walker 133
11 Guidelines for Preparing an Eradication Investment Case Damian G. Walker and Regina Rabinovich 149
Governance
12 Governance Models for Eradication Initiatives Kari Stoever 159
13 Managing Neglected Tropical Disease Partnerships Andy Wright 175
14 Group Report: Elements of Good Governance in Disease Eradication Initiatives Kari Stoever, Chris Maher, R. Bruce Aylward, Julie Jacobson, Ali Jaffer Mohamed, T. Jacob John, Robert S. Scott, and Andy Wright 191
Disease Eradication and Health Systems
15 Integration of Eradication Initiatives and Health Systems Alan R. Hinman 203
16 How Can Elimination and Eradication Initiatives Best Contribute to Health Systems Strengthening? Stewart Tyson and Robin Biellik 217
17 The Impacts of Measles Elimination Activities on Immunization Services and Health Systems in Six Countries Piya Hanvoravongchai, Sandra Mounier-Jack, Valeria Oliveira Cruz, Dina Balabanova, Robin Biellik, Yayehyirad Kitaw, Tracey Koehlmoos, Sebastião Loureiro, Mitike Molla, Ha Trong Nguyen, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Umeda Sadykova, Harbandhu Sarma, Maria Gloria Teixeira, Jasim Uddin, Alya Dabbagh, and Ulla Kou Griffiths 235
18 Disease Eradication as a Springboard for Broader Public Health Communication Jeffrey Bates, Sherine Guirguis, Thomas Moran, and Lieven Desomer 255
19 Group Report: Designing Elimination or Eradication Initiatives that Interface Effectively with Health Systems Muhammad Ali Pate, John O. Gyapong, Walter R. Dowdle, Adrian Hopkins, Dairiku Hozumi, Mwelecele Malecela, and Stewart Tyson 273
List of Acronyms 287
Bibliography 291
Subject Index 313

About

Experts explore the biological, social, and economic complexities of eradicating disease.

Disease eradication represents the ultimate in global equity and the definitive outcome of good public health practice. Thirty years ago, the elimination of smallpox defined disease eradication as a monumental global achievement with lasting benefits for society. Today, the global commitment to eradicate polio and guinea worm and heightened interest in the potential eradication of other infectious diseases, including measles/rubella, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, and malaria, dominate public health concerns. But what does it take to eradicate a disease? This book takes a fresh look at the evolving concepts of disease eradication, influenced by scientific advances, field experience, societal issues, and economic realities. A diverse group of experts from around the world, representing a range of disciplines, examines the biological, social, political, and economic complexities of eradicating a disease.

The book details lessons learned from the initiatives against polio, measles/rubella, and onchocerciasis. Further chapters examine ethical issues, the investment case, governance models, organizational and institutional arrangements, political and social factors, feasibility of eradication goals, priority setting, and the integration of disease eradication programs with existing health systems.

Contributors
Stephen L. Cochi, Walter R. Dowdle, Claudia I. Emerson, Kimberly M. Thompson, Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Regina Rabinovich, Lesong Conteh, B. Fenton Hall, Peter A. Singer, Maya Vijayaraghavan, Damian G. Walker, Kari Stoever, Julie Jacobson, Andy Wright, Chris Maher, Bruce Aylward, Ali Jaffer Mohamed, T. Jacob John, Robert S. Scott, Robert Hall, Jeffrey Bates, Sherine Guirguis, Thomas Moran, Peter Strebel, Eric A. Ottesen, Ciro de Quadros, Linda Muller, Jai Prakash Narain, Ole Wichmann, Alan R. Hinman, Stewart Tyson, Robin Biellik, Piya Hanvoravongchai, Sandra Mounier-Jack, Valeria Oliveira Cruz, Dina Balabanova, Yayehyirad Kitaw, Tracey Koehlmoos, Sebastião Loureiro, Mitike Molla, Ha Trong Nguyen, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Umeda Sadykova, Harbandhu Sarma, Maria Gloria Teixeira M, Jasim Uddin, Alya Dabbagh, Ulla Kou Griffiths, Muhammad Ali Pate, John O. Gyapong, Adrian Hopkins, Dairiku Hozumi, Mwelecele Malecela

Table of Contents

The Ernst Strüngmann Forum vii
List of Contributors ix
1 The Eradication of Infectious Diseases: Understanding the Lessons and Advancing Experience Stephen L. Cochi and Walter R. Dowdle 1
Lessons Learned from Current Elimination and Eradication Initiatives
2 Lessons from the Late Stages of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative R. Bruce Aylward 13
3 Measles and Rubella Eradication in the Americas: Seasoned Strategies for Sustained Success Jon Kim Andrus, Ciro A. de Quadros, Carlos Castillo-Solórzano, Mirta Roses Periago, and Donald A. Henderson 25
4 Onchocerciasis: From Control to Possible Eradication Adrian Hopkins 35
Critical Issues in Determining Feasibility of Eradication
5 Political and Social Determinants of Disease Eradication Robert G. Hall 47
6 The Role of Research Julie Jacobson 63
7 Group Report: Assessing the Feasibility of an Eradication Initiative Peter Strebel, Eric A. Ottesen, Ciro A. de Quadros, Sherine Guirguis, Robert G. Hall, Linda Muller, Jai Prakash Narain, and Ole Wichmann 89
Issues in the Development of an Eradication Investment Case
8 The Moral Case for Eradication Claudia I. Emerson 103
9 Economic Evaluation of the Benefits and Costs of Disease Elimination and Eradication Initiatives Kimberly M. Thompson and Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens 115
10 Group Report: Developing an Eradication Investment Case Kimberly M. Thompson, Regina Rabinovich, Lesong Conteh, Claudia I. Emerson, B. Fenton Hall, Peter A. Singer, Maya Vijayaraghavan, and Damian G. Walker 133
11 Guidelines for Preparing an Eradication Investment Case Damian G. Walker and Regina Rabinovich 149
Governance
12 Governance Models for Eradication Initiatives Kari Stoever 159
13 Managing Neglected Tropical Disease Partnerships Andy Wright 175
14 Group Report: Elements of Good Governance in Disease Eradication Initiatives Kari Stoever, Chris Maher, R. Bruce Aylward, Julie Jacobson, Ali Jaffer Mohamed, T. Jacob John, Robert S. Scott, and Andy Wright 191
Disease Eradication and Health Systems
15 Integration of Eradication Initiatives and Health Systems Alan R. Hinman 203
16 How Can Elimination and Eradication Initiatives Best Contribute to Health Systems Strengthening? Stewart Tyson and Robin Biellik 217
17 The Impacts of Measles Elimination Activities on Immunization Services and Health Systems in Six Countries Piya Hanvoravongchai, Sandra Mounier-Jack, Valeria Oliveira Cruz, Dina Balabanova, Robin Biellik, Yayehyirad Kitaw, Tracey Koehlmoos, Sebastião Loureiro, Mitike Molla, Ha Trong Nguyen, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Umeda Sadykova, Harbandhu Sarma, Maria Gloria Teixeira, Jasim Uddin, Alya Dabbagh, and Ulla Kou Griffiths 235
18 Disease Eradication as a Springboard for Broader Public Health Communication Jeffrey Bates, Sherine Guirguis, Thomas Moran, and Lieven Desomer 255
19 Group Report: Designing Elimination or Eradication Initiatives that Interface Effectively with Health Systems Muhammad Ali Pate, John O. Gyapong, Walter R. Dowdle, Adrian Hopkins, Dairiku Hozumi, Mwelecele Malecela, and Stewart Tyson 273
List of Acronyms 287
Bibliography 291
Subject Index 313