Preface vii
I
1 Overview 3
2 The Low Road to Active Inference 15
3 The High Road to Active Inference 41
4 The Generative Models of Active Inference 63
5 Message Passing and Neurobiology 85
II
6 A Recipe for Designing Active Inference Models 105
7 Active Inference in Discrete Time 125
8 Active Inference in Continuous Time 153
9 Model-Based Data Analysis 173
10 Active Inference as a Unified Theory of Sentient Behavior 191
Appendix A: Mathematical Background 225
Appendix B: The Equations of Active Inference 243
Appendix C: An Annotated Example of the Matlab Code 259
Notes 267
References 273
Index 295