The Raider

The Untold Story of a Renegade Marine and the Birth of U.S. Special Forces in World War II

The extraordinary life of forgotten World War II hero Evans Carlson, commander of America’s first special forces, secret confidant of FDR, and one of the most controversial officers in the history of the Marine Corps, who dedicated his life to bridging the cultural divide between the United States and China

“He was a gutsy old man.” “A corker,” said another. “You couldn’t find anyone better.” They talked about him in hushed tones. “This Major Carlson,” wrote one of the officers in a letter home, “is one of the finest men I have ever known.”

These were the words of the young Marines training to be among the first U.S. troops to enter the Second World War—and the Major Carlson they spoke of was Evans Carlson, a man of mythical status even before the war that would make him a military legend.

By December of 1941, at the age of forty-five, Carlson had already faced off against Sandinistas in the jungles of Nicaragua and served multiple tours in China, where he embedded with Mao’s Communist forces during the Sino-Japanese War. Inspired by their guerilla tactics and their collaborative spirit—which he’d call “gung ho,” introducing the term to the English language—and driven by his own Emersonian ideals of self-reliance, Carlson would go on to form his renowned Marine Raiders, the progenitors of today’s special operations forces, who fought behind Japanese lines on Makin Island and Guadalcanal, showing Americans a new way to do battle.

In The Raider, Cundill Prize–winning historian Stephen R. Platt gives us the first authoritative account of Carlson’s larger-than-life exploits: the real story, based on years of research including newly discovered diaries and correspondence in English and Chinese, with deep insight into the conflicted idealism about the Chinese Communists that would prove Carlson’s undoing in the McCarthy era.

Tracing the rise and fall of an unlikely American war hero, The Raider is a story of exploration, of cultural (mis)understanding, and of one man’s awakening to the sheer breadth of the world.
“A life well-lived is a work of art. The life of Marine Corps legend Evans Carlson was certainly that, and so too is Stephen R. Platt’s biography, The Raider. This compelling story is meticulously researched and told on a canvas that spans hemispheres, revolutions, and world wars. What a life! What a book!” —Elliot Ackerman, author of Places and Names and 2034

"Evans Carlson's legacy is both legendary and mythical. Dr. Stephen Platt, an expert in modern Chinese history, cuts through the fabulism to provide an accurate and insightful portrait of Carlson, both as a Marine and as a man. Carefully researched and thoughtfully written, The Raider is highly recommended." —Frank Kalesnik, former Command Historian, United States Marine Forces, Special Operations Command and Chief Historian, Marine Corps History Division

“Through the life of one man caught, in a way, between the U.S. and China, Stephen R. Platt tells a larger tale about the two countries whose relationship helped shape the last century and which may define this one. A fascinating, moving, and unexpected story.” —Adam Hochschild, author of American Midnight: The Great War, a Violent Peace, and Democracy’s Forgotten Crisis

“This is a gripping and beautifully written history of the controversial life of General Evans Carlson and his tumultuous times. The book vividly shows Chinese Communist armies fighting against the Imperial Japanese invaders, U.S. Marines launching a daring raid from submarines against a remote Japanese island stronghold in the Pacific Ocean, as well as the delusions of Americans who swooned for Chinese revolutionaries. Stephen Platt gives deep insights into the Pacific theater in World War II, the Chinese Civil War, the forging of the modern U.S. military, and the tangled American encounter with China. Drawing deeply from primary sources, he has produced a rip-roaring tale of battlefield courage and postwar scandal that happens to be all true.” —Gary Bass, author of Judgment at Tokyo: World War II on Trial and the Making of Modern Asia

"When he was stationed in China in the 1930s as its modern state was emerging, Marine Corps icon Evans Carlson saw the genuine possibility of US-China allyship—for which he bravely advocated while critiquing the military-industrial complex, fascist dictators, and drawing the ire of J. Edgar Hoover. This riveting and nuanced biography resurrects a once-beloved American hero whose stalwart moral compass stands out as an example—and exception—to today’s ruling polity." —Helen Zia, author of Last Boat Out of Shanghai: The Epic Story of the Chinese Who Fled Mao's Revolution

“Rousing . . . Platt’s narrative delivers plenty of blood and guts action while serving as a revealing exploration of the ardent attraction many Westerners felt toward Chinese communism. The result is a gripping, complex study of a military romantic who mixed ruthlessness with idealism.”Publishers Weekly
© Michael Lionstar
STEPHEN R. PLATT is an award-winning historian of China and the West whose books include Imperial Twilight (Knopf, 2018) and Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom (Knopf, 2012), the latter of which won the Cundill History Prize. He is a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and holds a Ph.D from Yale. He lives with his family in Northampton, Massachusetts. View titles by Stephen R. Platt

About

The extraordinary life of forgotten World War II hero Evans Carlson, commander of America’s first special forces, secret confidant of FDR, and one of the most controversial officers in the history of the Marine Corps, who dedicated his life to bridging the cultural divide between the United States and China

“He was a gutsy old man.” “A corker,” said another. “You couldn’t find anyone better.” They talked about him in hushed tones. “This Major Carlson,” wrote one of the officers in a letter home, “is one of the finest men I have ever known.”

These were the words of the young Marines training to be among the first U.S. troops to enter the Second World War—and the Major Carlson they spoke of was Evans Carlson, a man of mythical status even before the war that would make him a military legend.

By December of 1941, at the age of forty-five, Carlson had already faced off against Sandinistas in the jungles of Nicaragua and served multiple tours in China, where he embedded with Mao’s Communist forces during the Sino-Japanese War. Inspired by their guerilla tactics and their collaborative spirit—which he’d call “gung ho,” introducing the term to the English language—and driven by his own Emersonian ideals of self-reliance, Carlson would go on to form his renowned Marine Raiders, the progenitors of today’s special operations forces, who fought behind Japanese lines on Makin Island and Guadalcanal, showing Americans a new way to do battle.

In The Raider, Cundill Prize–winning historian Stephen R. Platt gives us the first authoritative account of Carlson’s larger-than-life exploits: the real story, based on years of research including newly discovered diaries and correspondence in English and Chinese, with deep insight into the conflicted idealism about the Chinese Communists that would prove Carlson’s undoing in the McCarthy era.

Tracing the rise and fall of an unlikely American war hero, The Raider is a story of exploration, of cultural (mis)understanding, and of one man’s awakening to the sheer breadth of the world.

Reviews

“A life well-lived is a work of art. The life of Marine Corps legend Evans Carlson was certainly that, and so too is Stephen R. Platt’s biography, The Raider. This compelling story is meticulously researched and told on a canvas that spans hemispheres, revolutions, and world wars. What a life! What a book!” —Elliot Ackerman, author of Places and Names and 2034

"Evans Carlson's legacy is both legendary and mythical. Dr. Stephen Platt, an expert in modern Chinese history, cuts through the fabulism to provide an accurate and insightful portrait of Carlson, both as a Marine and as a man. Carefully researched and thoughtfully written, The Raider is highly recommended." —Frank Kalesnik, former Command Historian, United States Marine Forces, Special Operations Command and Chief Historian, Marine Corps History Division

“Through the life of one man caught, in a way, between the U.S. and China, Stephen R. Platt tells a larger tale about the two countries whose relationship helped shape the last century and which may define this one. A fascinating, moving, and unexpected story.” —Adam Hochschild, author of American Midnight: The Great War, a Violent Peace, and Democracy’s Forgotten Crisis

“This is a gripping and beautifully written history of the controversial life of General Evans Carlson and his tumultuous times. The book vividly shows Chinese Communist armies fighting against the Imperial Japanese invaders, U.S. Marines launching a daring raid from submarines against a remote Japanese island stronghold in the Pacific Ocean, as well as the delusions of Americans who swooned for Chinese revolutionaries. Stephen Platt gives deep insights into the Pacific theater in World War II, the Chinese Civil War, the forging of the modern U.S. military, and the tangled American encounter with China. Drawing deeply from primary sources, he has produced a rip-roaring tale of battlefield courage and postwar scandal that happens to be all true.” —Gary Bass, author of Judgment at Tokyo: World War II on Trial and the Making of Modern Asia

"When he was stationed in China in the 1930s as its modern state was emerging, Marine Corps icon Evans Carlson saw the genuine possibility of US-China allyship—for which he bravely advocated while critiquing the military-industrial complex, fascist dictators, and drawing the ire of J. Edgar Hoover. This riveting and nuanced biography resurrects a once-beloved American hero whose stalwart moral compass stands out as an example—and exception—to today’s ruling polity." —Helen Zia, author of Last Boat Out of Shanghai: The Epic Story of the Chinese Who Fled Mao's Revolution

“Rousing . . . Platt’s narrative delivers plenty of blood and guts action while serving as a revealing exploration of the ardent attraction many Westerners felt toward Chinese communism. The result is a gripping, complex study of a military romantic who mixed ruthlessness with idealism.”Publishers Weekly

Author

© Michael Lionstar
STEPHEN R. PLATT is an award-winning historian of China and the West whose books include Imperial Twilight (Knopf, 2018) and Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom (Knopf, 2012), the latter of which won the Cundill History Prize. He is a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and holds a Ph.D from Yale. He lives with his family in Northampton, Massachusetts. View titles by Stephen R. Platt